O controle microbiano de Mahanarva fimbriolata é de suma importância para o manejo dessa praga em cana-de-açúcar, porém carece de melhorias quanto à tecnologia de aplicação. O trabalho teve como objetivo definir um modelo de bico de pulverização adequado para o controle de M. fimbriolata, com base no padrão de distribuição de calda aspergida e espaçamento entre bicos. Utilizaram-se os bicos TF4, TTI e AIUB11004VS e caldas a base de fungo Metarhizium anisopliae sem adjuvante e com Agral a 2% e 4%. Avaliou-se o espaçamento entre bicos baseado na construção de curvas de deposição, considerando CV máximo de 10%; ângulo de abertura e vazão dos bicos. Os maiores espaçamentos foram de 85cm em calda com 2% de adjuvante para o bico TF4, 70cm para AIUB11004VS sem adição de adjuvante e 55cm para o bico TTI, independente da calda. Em relação ao ângulo de abertura, houve apenas diferença entre os bicos testados em uma mesma calda. A vazão foi maior para a calda com 4% de adjuvante para os bicos TF4 e TTI, sendo que AIUB11004VS apresentou menores vazões em relação aos outros modelos para calda com 2% e 4% de adjuvante. Conclui-se que o modelo AIUB11004VS é uma importante ferramenta operacional, visando o controle de M. fimbriolata, por apresentar menor consumo de calda e bons resultados de distância entre bicos.

The microbial control of Mahanarva fimbriolata is very important to management of this pest in sugarcane crops, however lacks improvement in spraying technology. The work aimed to evaluate a nozzle model adequate to control M. fimbriolata, based on pattern of spray distribution and the space between nozzles. TF4, TTI and AIUB11004VS nozzles containing the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae without adjuvant, with Agral 2% and 4% were used in the assay. We evaluated spacing between nozzles by constructing deposition curves considering maximum CV of 10%, spray angle and nozzle flow for different sprays. The larger nozzle spacings were 85cm for spray with 2% of adjuvant and TF4 nozzle, 70cm for AIUB11004VS without adjuvant addition and 55cm TTI nozzle, independent of spray used. Despite the spray angle, we observed difference between the nozzles to the same spray. The flow was larger for spray with adjuvant at 4%, to TF4 and TTI, while AIUB11004VS showed minor flows when compared to the others nozzles using 2% and 4% of adjuvant. By presenting good results of distance between nozzles and minor spray consumption, AIUB11004VS is a good tool for control of M. fimbriolata.

The aerial spraying of plant ripeners on sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) crops causes often the contamination of neighboring areas, which subsidizes formal complaints from the neighbors. These contaminations are due to spraying taking place during inadequate environmental conditions or from technical mistakes during the application. One of the most important causes of this contamination is the susceptibility of the species being cultivated surrounding sugar cane. In order to evaluate the effects of sugar cane plant ripeners trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl on peanuts, cotton, potato, coffee, citrus, beans, sunflower, cassava, rubber, soybean, and grapes, eleven experiments - one for each species - were carried out from May 2009 to Jan. 2010. The field experiment was set according to a completely random design with five treatments and four replications. Just before or during flowering, a single treatment of trinexapac-ethyl at 100 or 200 g ha-1 and sulfometuron-methyl at 7.5 or 15 g ha-1 was applied to plants. A control treatment (plants not treated) for each species was part of each experiment. Trinexapac, at the doses of 100 and 200 g ha-1, showed selectivity to peanuts, cotton, potato, coffee, citrus, sunflower, cassava, rubber, soybean, and grape. At the lowest dose (100 g ha-1), it was selective for bean. Sulfometuron, at the dose of 7.5 g ha-1, was selective for peanuts and, at the two studied doses (7.5 and 15 g ha-1), it was selective for coffee, citrus, cassava, and rubber.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, isolados e em misturas, na soja transgênica (cv. M-SOY 8008 RR) tolerante ao glyphosate e no controle de plântulas de Commelina benghalensis. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no período de janeiro a maio de 2006, em vasos, mantidos em condições de ambiente não controlado, no Departamento de Fitossanidade, UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal (SP). Os tratamentos avaliados foram: glyphosate (1,20 kg ha-1 e.a.), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,02 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,18 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,25 kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,025 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,10 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) mais lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) mais fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,096kg ha-1) mais fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), as misturas de glyphosate (0,60kgha-1) com chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,0125 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,05 kg ha-1) e uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. No experimento com C. benghalensis, testou-se também a aplicação seqüencial de glyphosate (0,96 mais 0,72 kg ha-1 e.a.). A associação de ghyphosate a herbicidas utilizados em soja convencional ocasionou danos visuais às plantas de soja. Em alguns casos, como nas misturas de glyphosate com lactofen e glyphosate com flumioxazin, os sintomas foram severos, com necroses e pontos cloróticos nas folhas. Mesmo assim, essa fitointoxicação não influenciou no desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da soja. A mistura de glyphosate a outros herbicidas, assim como a sua aplicação seqüencial, não foram eficazes no controle de C. benghalensis, nas doses testadas e quando as plantas estavam no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas totalmente expandidas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity effects of herbicides applied during post-emergence, either alone or in mixture with other chemicals in transgenic glyphosate-tolerant soybean (cv. M-SOY 8008 RR) and in Commelina benghalensis. Two experiments were carried out from January to May 2006, in pots, under uncontrolled conditions, at Plant Protection Department of UNESP, Jaboticabal (SP), Brazil. The following herbicides were used: glyphosate (1,20 kg a.e. ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,02 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,018 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,25kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,025 kg ha-1), imazethapyr (0,10 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) plus lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1) plus fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1) and lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1) plus fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1). It was also used the glyphosate (0,60 kg a.e. ha-1) in mixture with chlorimuron-ethyl (0,01 kg ha-1), lactofen (0,096 kg ha-1), fomesafen (0,125 kg ha-1), flumioxazin (0,0125 kg ha-1) and imazethapyr (0,05 kg ha-1) and a no treated control. Also the sequential application of glyphosate (0,96 plus 0,72 kg a.e. ha-1) was used in the experiment with C. benghalensis. The association of glyphosate and conventional soybean herbicides caused soybean injury. In some cases, such as in the glyphosate-lactofen and glyphosate-flumioxazin mixtures, the symptoms were severe, with necrosis and clorosis. Although there were phytotoxic symptoms in the plant, the herbicide did not affect vegetative and reproductive soybean development. The mixture of glyphosate to other herbicides and its sequential application did not control C. benghalensis, when sprayed in the tested doses and in plants with 4 to 6 expanded leaves.

Com o objetivo de avaliar espécies forrageiras para formação de palhada para adoção do sistema plantio direto, foi pesquisado o potencial de Brachiaria decumbens e B. brizantha, comparadas ao milheto (Pennisetum glaucum). As plantas de cobertura foram semeadas em março e conduzidas até novembro (momento do manejo químico). Aos 50, 110 e 250 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliadas a composição específica das infestantes na cobertura vegetal, a porcentagem visual de cobertura do solo e o acúmulo de massa vegetal seca das coberturas. As braquiárias foram eficientes na formação de palha (acima de 11 tha-1), sendo promissoras para o sistema plantio direto. Também, observou-se densa cobertura do solo, com supressão do desenvolvimento de plantas daninhas, o que não se percebeu com milheto, cujo maior potencial de cobertura do solo e acúmulo (10,5 t ha-1) de massa ocorreu no fim do seu ciclo (110 DAS) e, 3,2 t ha-1 de massa vegetal seca aos 250 DAS. Devido à rápida decomposição da palha de milheto observou-se, também, reinfestação da área por plantas daninhas.

With the objective of testing pasture species for formation of straw to initiate a no-tillage system, the potential of Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha was studied and compared to millet Pennisetum glaucum. Cover crops were sown on March and conducted until November (time of the chemical management). At 50, 110 and 250 days after sown (DAS) the specific composition of weeds on the cover crops, the visual percentage of the soil cover and the accumulated dry mass of cover crops were evaluated. Brachiaria species were efficient on straw formation (around 11 t ha-1), showing larger production than other species recommended for no-tillage. Also, they presented dense soil covering with suppression of weed development. This was not observed with Pennisetum glaucum, that showed its major potential of soil covering and accumulated dry mass (10.5 t ha-1) at the end of the cycle (110 DAS) and 3.2 t ha-1 of dry mass at 250 DAS. Due to the fast millet straw decomposition, weed reinfestation was also observed.